Effects of Restricted Food Intake on Neutral Lipid and Free Fatty Acid Levels in the Digestive Gland - Gonad Complex and Faeces of Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda)

ABSTRACTWe hypothesized that the free fatty acid receptors FFA1 and FFA4 might be involved in the anorectic response observed in fish after rising levels of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) such as oleate. In one experiment we demonstrated that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) treatment of rainbow trout with FFA1 and FFA4 agonists elicited an anorectic response 2, 6 and 24 h after treatment. In a second experiment, the same i.c.v. treatment resulted after 2 h in an enhancement in the mRNA abundance of anorexigenic neuropeptides pomca1 and cartpt and a decrease in the values of orexigenic peptides npy and agrp1. These changes occurred in parallel with those observed in the mRNA abundance and/or protein levels of the transcription factors Creb, Bsx and FoxO1, protein levels and phosphorylation status of Ampkα and Akt, and mRNA abundance of plcb1 and itrp3. Finally, we assessed in a third experiment the response of all these parameters after 2 h of i.c.v. treatment with oleate (the endogenous ligand of both free fatty acid receptors) alone or in the presence of FFA1 and FFA4 antagonists. Most effects of oleate disappeared in the presence of FFA1 and FFA4 antagonists. The evidence obtained supports the involvement of FFA1 and FFA4 in fatty acid sensing in fish brain, and thus involvement in food intake regulation through mechanisms not exactly comparable (differential response of neuropeptides and cellular signalling) to those known in mammals.

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Effects of pair-feeding and growth hormone treatment on obese transgenic rats

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1460245 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 245-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Y Furuhata ◽

K Hirabayashi ◽

T Yonezawa ◽

M Takahashi ◽

M Nishihara

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Food Intake ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Transgenic Rats ◽

Serum Free Fatty Acid ◽

Fat Accumulation

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that GH-deficient subjects tend to have fat accumulation. We have produced human GH (hGH) transgenic rats that exhibit low circulating hGH levels and hyperphagia. These rats are also characterized by severe obesity, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted in order to elucidate how excess caloric intake and impaired GH secretion account for fat accumulation and metabolic abnormalities in the transgenic rats. DESIGN AND METHODS: The transgenic rats were subjected to either pair-feeding with non-transgenic controls or hGH treatment from 4 to 12 weeks of age, and the effects on fat accumulation and some metabolic parameters were assessed. RESULTS: At the age of 12 weeks, body weight and food intake were greater in transgenic than in control rats by 10% and 27% respectively. The ratio of epididymal white adipose tissue weight to body weight (WAT/BW) was more than three times greater in transgenic than in control rats. Although pair-feeding for 8 weeks decreased body weight, it did not affect the WAT/BW ratio. Treatment with hGH affected neither body weight nor food intake, while it reduced the WAT/BW ratio by 30%. Serum concentrations of triglyceride, free fatty acid, insulin and leptin were all significantly higher in the transgenic than in the control rats. Pair-feeding decreased serum triglyceride, insulin and leptin levels, but not serum free fatty acid levels. On the other hand, hGH treatment decreased only serum leptin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that severe fat accumulation in the transgenic rats mainly resulted from the decreased lipolytic action of GH, while metabolic abnormalities mainly resulted from excess caloric intake.

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Effects of Echinostoma caproni miracidia dose on the neutral and polar lipids of Biomphalaria glabrata as determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.2478/s11686-013-0180-4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandra Hunsberger ◽

Bernard Fried ◽

Joseph Sherma

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Mobile Phase ◽

High Performance ◽

Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽

Echinostoma Caproni ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Chloroform Methanol ◽

Detection Reagent

AbstractThe effects of a 5 versus 25 miracidia exposure of Echinostoma caproni on the lipid composition of Biomphalaria glabrata was studied using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometry. A 50 miracidia dose was not used because such a high level of exposure caused severe snail mortality by 3 weeks post-exposure (PE). Lipids were determined in the digestive-gland gonad complex (DGG) of the exposed snails and in the uninfected matched controls at 2 and 4 weeks PE. Extraction of lipids from DGGs was carried out by the Folch method with chloroform-methanol (2:1), and extracts were analyzed on Analtech HPTLC-HLF pre-adsorbent silica gel plates with measurement of separated bands using a CAMAG Scanner 3. For neutral lipids the mobile phase was petroleum ether-diethyl ether-glacial acetic acid (80:20:1) and the detection reagent was 5% ethanolic phosphoric acid, and for polar lipids chloroform-methanol-deionized water (65:25:4) mobile phase and 10% cupric sulfate in 8% phosphoric acid detection reagent were used. No significant differences in the concentrations of free sterols, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine were seen at 2 weeks PE in any of the groups. At 4 weeks PE, the free fatty acid concentration increased significantly in the snails exposed to 25 miracidia compared to that of the 5 miracidia/snail group or the controls. Elevation of the free fatty acid fraction in the high dose snail group suggested that some changes occurred in the lipid metabolism of the snails in that group as a function of miracidia dose.

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The effect of long term storage on the lipid reserves and fatty acid composition of cysts and hatched juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x0001631x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 133-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R.A. Holz ◽

D.J. Wright ◽

R.N. Perry

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Neutral Lipid ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Neutral Lipids ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Acidic Phospholipids

AbstractThe lipid composition of three batches of single generation cysts of Globodera rostochiensis, stored dry at 4°C for 1,7 and 13 years, comprised 81%, 74% and 53% neutral lipids, 14%, 18% and 27% non-acidic phospholipids and 5%, 8% and 20% free fatty acids, respectively. Lipids in eggs from two batches of G. pallida cysts, stored for 3 and 7 years, comprised 80% and 67% neutral lipids, 15% and 23% non-acidic phospholipids and 5% and 10% free fatty acids, respectively. All batches contained the same fatty acids which were dominated by C18:l, C20:l and C20:4. The fatty acid profiles of hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis from two batches, stored for 1 and 9 years, differed only in their free fatty acid fractions. Thus, while it is not possible to determine the age of cysts by their fatty acid profile, it may be possible to use the relative amounts of the main lipid classes as an indicator of age. Four batches of hatched J2 of G. pallida were investigated, with sample A hatched during the second week in potato root diffusate, B during week 3, C during week 4 and D during weeks 5 and 6 and stored for 3.5 days (on average) after hatching. Total lipid content was 27.2%, 31.5%, 18.5% and 6.3% of the dry weight for A, B, C and D, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of D an increase in C18:l and to a lesser extent C18:2 was observed. In the free fatty acid fraction of sample D, the percentages of C18:l, C18:2 and C18:3 were greater but the percentages of C20:3 and C20:4 were smaller compared with sample C. Fresh early hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis were compared with later hatched and stored (for 13 days on average) individuals for their lipid content and fatty acid composition. The lipid content was 26.1% and 11.4% in fresh and stored J2, respectively. Total lipid consisted of 77% and 70% neutral lipid, 18% and 26% non-acidic phospholipid and 6% and 4% free fatty acid in fresh and stored J2, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of stored J2 C18:l, C16:0 and C18:0 increased, whereas C20:4, C20:l and C20:3 decreased. Therefore, both neutral lipid and free fatty acid fractions showed changes in their fatty acid profiles after long delayed hatching and/or storage in both PCN species.

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Observations on the use of plasma free fatty acid concentrations in the determination of maintenance requirements of sheep

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600020402 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 59-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. J. F. Russel ◽

J. M. Doney

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Food Intake ◽

Response Curve ◽

Live Weight ◽

Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽

Precise Knowledge ◽

Alternative Means ◽

Maintenance Requirements

SUMMARYThe objective of the investigations reported in this paper was to examine the possibility of using plasma free fatty acid concentrations as a means of estimating food requirements for maintenance purposes in sheep. Estimates derived in these investigations are considered to be less satisfactory than those based on live-weight change. It is concluded, however, that the technique merits further consideration, and that, with more precise knowledge of FFA concentrations in maintenance-fed sheep and of the FFA: food intake response curve, it could provide a useful alternative means of estimating maintenance requirements.

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EFFECTS OF OLEIC ACID ESTERS ON FOOD INTAKE IN SHEEP

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas84-278 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 316-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. PAQUAY ◽

F. VERNAILLEN

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Food Intake ◽

Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽

Oleic Acid Content ◽

Free Fatty Acid Concentration ◽

Acid Esters ◽

Voluntary Food Intake

Oleic acid esters, continously infused intravenously into adult sheep induced a decrease of the voluntary food intake. Plasma free fatty acid concentration and oleic acid content in free fatty acids increased. Key words: Sheep, food intake, oleic acid esters

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